Rudzi rwekutanga rweCentral Africa kugamuchira kugara kwevanhu vekuEurope uye kutonga chaiko vaive vaShonaMapiyona aCecil Rhodes akanga asimudza mureza kuCentral Africa ndokutumidza musasa wavo zita remutungamiri weBritain, Fort Salisbury, avo vakahaya bhizinesi mushure mekunge maNdebele adzvinyirirwa.Muna 1893, maBritish akatenda kuti mushure mekukundwa kwaLobengula nehumambo hwake, pakanga pasisina kutyisidzira kukuru pakati peAfrica, uye vakanga vasingatombotarisiri kuti vaShona vavakasunungura kubva muhutongi hwemaNdebele vaizovamukira .
Zvisinei, maererano neNdebeleMushure mekurasikirwa namambo wavo, humambo hauna kuparadzwa zvachose uye nekudaro maNdebele akatanga kurwisa kutsva muna 1896 izvo zvakaita kuti Ndebele Chimurenga. Zvikonzero zveKuwedzera uku kwaisanganisira:Kusaremekedzwa kwezvido zvezvizvarwa zveAfrica nevakuru vakuru veBritain, nekuti vanhu vemuAfrica vaionekwa sevashandiwo zvavo nevashandi vevachena, nekuti sekutaura kwaCecil Rhodes, nyaya huru yaive kutonga kwezvematongerwo enyika kuCentral Africa yese. yakanga iri kuchamhembe kweL. Tanganyika, izvo zvakatsamwisa vanhu vechiNdebele, avo vakanga vasina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekupikisa hurongwa.
Kubva kumaNdebeleavo vaizviona sevakakwirira kupfuura mamwe marudzi, vakanga vanyadziswa muHondo yeNdebele neBritain ya1893. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, kupandukira kwavo kwakanga kwakanangana nokutsiva nokudzorera rukudzo rwavo rwakarasika.
Mushure mehondo ya1893, maNdebeleVakanga varasikirwa nezvipfuyo zvakawanda, zvimwe zvakagoverwa kuvachena, zvimwe zvakaendeswa ikoko
Kubva kumaNdebeleVechidiki havana kufara nekuunzwa kwemutemo wekumanikidzwa kwevashandi veBritish. Sekutaura kwamaNdebele, vakaitwa nhapwa munyika yavo.
Kubva kumaNdebelevakanzwawo shungu nekurasikirwa kwavo nekuzvitonga kwainge kwatadziswa nevachena kuburikidza nekushandisa mitemo yehutsinye nehudzvanyiriri, zvikuru mapurisa ayo ainyanya kubatwa nevaShona.Vakashungurudza vaNdebele vachida kutsiva. Naizvozvo, maNdebele aidavira kuti zvakanga zvakarurama kupandukira kuti akunde kushungurudzwa nokunyadziswa kwakadaro.Muna 1896 maNdebele paakaziva nezve Jameson RaidI
Kutanga Shonavakatenda kuti varungu vakanga vauya kuzovasunungura kubva kumaNdebeleAsi pavakaziva kuti vachena vaida kugara munyika yeMashona, vakashatirwa ndokuda rusununguko rwavo. Vakabatana nemaNdebele mune yakazozivikanwa seHondo dzeChimurenga kana kuti Shona Ndebele Rebellion.
Uyezve, maShonaaitya seNdebelekana vakabudirira kukunda maBritish, vaizovatonga zvakare, sezvavakaita 1893 asati asvika. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, Shonau yakabatana nechimurenga ichi pasina zvisungo.
Sterf Shonavar Ndebelevaimanikidzwawo kushanda mumapurazi evachena, mutemo waionekwa nevaShona seuranda, saka vakaona zvakakodzera kuti vapanduke nekumukira kuti vabvise varungu uye vakunde matongero avo akaipa.
British South Africa Company yakanga yamisa maShonakubva pakutengesa nemaPutukezi
Kambani iyi yakarambawo ShonaKutengeswa kwenyanga dzenzou negoridhe kumaPutukezi, avo vaive vadyidzani vavo (kutengesa) goridhe kubva kare, ndiko kwaishandiswa nevaShona kuwana zvombo nezvimwe zvinhu kubva kumaPutukezi, nokudaro maBritish akaedza kupindira Kupindira kwaibva vaShona. mari yaiita kuti vaShona vabatane nemaNdebelemuhondo dzekuzvitonga.
Tora chiShonaNyaya yekuti varungu vakapihwa ivhu rakaorera vakasundidzirwa pasi zvakavapa hasha dzakafanana, saka vaive vasisina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekupandukira vachena.
Pamusoro pazvo, vachena vakapa nzvimbo kumuShona akavimbikaIri ibasa rinofanira kunge richiitwa nemadzishe echiShona, izvo zvinopesana netsika dzavo uye zvimwe zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei vakapinda muNdebele.kusiyana nevachena.
Paivawo nedambudziko remitero; Nemhaka yokuti maBritish akanga apa chisungo chokuti vose vane minda vanokwanisa kubhadhara mutero, uye vaShona vazhinji vakanga vachipesana nomutemo uyu nokuti mitero yaionekwa nevachena senzira yokutonga nayo.
Sterf Shonavakanga vasingafariri matanho outsinye uye okudzvinyirira aishandiswa nevakuru vakuru vekambani kuti vatevedzere mitemo yavo uye kutonga kwavo, kusanganisira kuzvamburwa uye utsinye hwaiitwa kwete chete kuvanhu vomunzvimbomo asiwo kumaboss. Zvimwe nekuda kwemutemo uyu, vaShona vakaodzwa mwoyo zvakanyanya uye vakashaya zvekuita kunze kwekungobatana nemaNdebele.kuramba hukuru hwevachena.
Muna Kurume 1896, maNdebeleMauto akarwisa mapurazi evachena ari oga uye vachena vakamhanyira kumaguta munguva yevaShonaVakabatana pamwe nekutya hutongi hwemaNdebele, asiwo nekuti vaigovana hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hweBritish uye kunyanya kufurirwa nevatungamiriri vezvitendero zvavo.
KURONGWA KWEHONDO DZECHIMURENGA NEBASA RWE AFRICAN Traditional Religion.
Kusimuka kwaro kwakatanga muna Kurume 1896, apo maNdebeleMauto akarwisa mapurazi evaEurope ari ega, vachena vakatizira kumaguta, asi nzvimbo idzi dzakange dzakapoteredzwa nemaNdebele neShona.Vakapinda muchimurenga pamwe nekuti vakaona kuti maNdebele aigona kukunda uye vaityira kuti vaizotongwa zvakare, zvisinei nekuti vaShona vaitaura zvichemo zvakafanana, asi nekuda kwesimba remadzishe avo echivanhu.
Vapristi veboka raMwari ravamwari vakakwirira vaiva nepesvedzero huru pa
Mupristi mukuru weboka iri muna 1896 aive Mkwati muShonaAimbove muranda aibatsirwa naTentela, mukadzi, naSinginyamatshe, aivimbwa nekuremekedzwa nemaNdebele maviri.neShona, hondo payakatanga muna 1896, vaNdebele vakatsvaga mazano kwavari uye vakavavimbisa kubudirira.
Mkwatithe akabva avakomborera akavakurudzira kuti vapinde muchimurenga, iye pachake ndiye aitungamirira kurwiswa kwevaRungu.
Ane hukama hwepedyo, Mkwati ndiye akaunganidza ndudzi mbiri idzi kuti dzirwise muvengi mumwe chete mumaNdebele- ShonaThe Rebellion 1895-1897.
Mkwati akakwanisawo kuhwina kunyangwe tudzinza tudiki twaimbotongwa nemaNdebeleNemamwe mashoko, saRozwe naKalanga, Mkwati akashandura chimiro chechiNdebele-Shonanyaya yakazopedzwa kuita kumukirana kukuru nechikamu chikuru chevanhu.
Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMashonaland, vamwe vatungamiri vezvitendero vakaita saKagubi naNehenda vakatutsira Shonakuti abatanidze chimurenga, uye muchiShona zvose zviri zviviri Bonda neTshiroa zvakabetsera mukutsigira vaShona vakamirira boka raMwari. Vapristi ava vakaropafadza varwi vakasimbisa kwavari kuti vakanga vapiwa masimba akasimba kupfuura evachena uye kuti chokwadi vaizokunda vodzinga vachena munyika yavo.
Mukupesana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kupandukira kwa1896-97 kwakabatanidza vanhu vakasiyana-siyana, kubatanidza vakadzi, vana, vakwegura, pwere uye aristocracy, vose vane donzo rokuparadza chiremera chichena. Saka chiri kunetsa ndechekuongorora muchidimbu basa rechitendero chechinyakare cheAfrica mukuronga hondo dzeChimurenga.
Kutanga, rudzidziso rwegamuchidzanwa rwakatungamirira; Lobengula asati afa muna 1894, Ndebelevafudzi vashoma ndivo vakasara uye rakanga riri basa raMkwati nevabatsiri vake sevamiriri vechitendero chemwari wepamusoro Mwari vaitungamirira hondo yeMatebeleland vakabatana naKagubi naNehenda kuMashonaland.
Zvakabatsirawo mukukurudzira vanhu vemuAfrica vaidzvinyirirwa kuti varwisane nehutongi hwevachena, semuenzaniso Mkwati akaunganidza vanhu verudzi rweKalanga nemamwe madzishe echivanhu nekuda kwekuda kwevatongi ava kubvisa hutongi hwevachena.
Zvakasimudzira hunhu uye chivimbo, kunyanya pakati pevaNdebeleda ShonaVanhu vakanga vavimbiswa kudzivirirwa kubva kupfuti yaWhiteman.
Yakabatanidza vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana vane zvirwere zvakasiyana kureva. H. chimurenga chakanga chisisiri chiShona-Ndebelenyaya uye yakashanduka kuita chimurenga chenyika chakapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzevanhu
Mhedziso: Sezvo ATR yakaita basa rakakosha mukuronga nekuchengetedza chimurenga ichi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti chinamato chechinyakare ndicho chakakonzera kuparara kwehondo dzeChimurenga sezvo zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vazhinji, kunyanya nemaoko evachena. supremacy , nemamwe mazwi, pane Shona-NdebeleVanhu vakawana rusununguko rwavo asi vakarasikirwa narwo nemhaka yechitendero chegamuchidzanwa cheAfrica.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, chimurenga chakapwanyiwa zvisina tsitsi uye chakaiswa pasi nemaBritish nesimba guru rezvombo.
Vaisimuka vakuru, kunyanya Mkwati, vakauraiwa uye zvinonzi vanogona kunge vakauraiwa nevaShonaVanhu vaneta nekurwa hondo inokundwa. Zvichakadaro, Kagubi naNehenda vakatorwa ndokuurayiwa.
Madebel akawandada Shonavakaurayiwa uye kutengeserana nekurima zvakakanganiswa.
Ndizvo chaizvo zvechimurenga izvi izvo vatungamiri vemunharaunda
Asi seMvura YemvuraKuwedzera, maAfrica akagamuchira chimwe chinhu nekuda kwe
Nzira yenguva dzose yakatangwa yekuongorora marudzi ose ekushungurudzwa kwevachena pamusoro peAfrica.
Kubva pakutora mutero£2ku£1 pagore pasina kushungurudzwa panguva yekuunganidza, sezvakaitika vasati vasvika.
Kubva kumaNdebelevakawanazve chinzvimbo chavo sevatungamiriri apo maNdebele akaita runyararo navo
Kudivi rakashata, kupandukira kwakaguma nekuparadzwa kwemidziyo, zvirimwa neminda, zvichikonzera nzara huru.
Kukurirwa kwechimurenga chacho kwakanga kuri denho yakakomba kuchivimbo chavanhu muvatungamiriri vorudzidziso namarudzidziso egamuchidzanwa, uye saizvozvi ava vorudzidziso vakarasikirwa nepesvedzero yavo pakati pavanhu. Zvichibuda muShona nemaNdebele akawandavakatendeukira kuzvikoro zvemamishinari zvedzidzo nedzidzo yechiKristu mushure mekupedza chiNdebele, ShonaRusununguko rwakaratidza kutanga kwemuitiro unononoka wokukukurwa kwezvitendero zvedzinza netsika.
LEWANIKA VON LOZI
Occur, mutongi weLozi, akanga ari mumwe wevatungamiriri veAfrica vakapindura katatu kubatira pamwe yehurumende navapambi veBritain.Semutungamiri wevanhu veLozi.VaLewanika, avo vakatanga kutonga muna 1876, vakatarisana nematambudziko emukati menyika izvo zvakazoguma nekupidigurwa kwake pachigaro muna 1884. Muna 1888 Levanika akawanazve chigaro chake uye akatonga kusvika 1916.
Pakukwirira kwekutonga kwekoloni, mambo weLozi akasarudza kushandira pamwe nehungwaru hwekutaurirana. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakonzera kuita uku. Chimwe chezvikonzero izvi kwaiva kusagadzikana kwemukati munharaunda yeLozi. Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika munharaunda iyi akaratidzirwa nehondo dzevagari vemo uye kukwikwidzana kwechigaro, zvakaguma nekupidigura kwake muna 1884. Mushure mekutora chigaro, akafunga kushandira pamwe nechinangwa chekushandisa maBritish nesimba ravo rehondo kurwisa vavengi vake vemukati. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvisinei, vaBritish vakaramba kubatanidzwa munhau dzechiLozi dzomunzvimbomo, zvikurukuru apo fariro dzavo vamene dzakanga dzisiri mungozi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti diplomacy yanga isiri nzira yakanaka yekupindura VaLewanikavachipesana nokutonga kwake.
Nyaya yemakwikwi uye coup, LevanikaRuzivo mundima iyi ndicho chinhu chakakosha mumhinduro yake. Uyezve, akatanga kutonga pashure pegakava rokutsivana uye aisagona kuwana kuvimbika kwemhomho nyore nyore. Naizvozvo, akatsvaka tsigiro yokunze kupfurikidza nokubatira pamwe kubata nemigariro yakadaro.
Nezvehupfumi, vanhu veLozi vaive zvakanyanya kubva pakurima kwakawedzerwa nekubata hove nemaoko. Naizvozvo vaive vasina kusimba mune zvemari kuti vape kuramba kwakasimba.Vaitendawo kuti basa ravo rehupfumi rakanga risingapesani nezvido nemaitiro eBritish. Zvakatoipa zvikuru, vaLozi vakanga vasina simba muhondo, zvose muhukuru hwehondo uye muzvombo zvokutsungirira.
Zvinhu zvemukati parutivi, Levanikazvinotarisirwakushandira pamwe kwaizomugonesa kudzivirira rusununguko rwake. Chibvumirano cheLochnea chakapa BSA.
Uye muna 1898 Levanikaakasaina chimwe chibvumirano naLawley (The Lawley Contract). Chibvumirano ichi chakaremekedza mazhinji emitemo yeLochner Treaty ye1890 uye yakapa Kambani kodzero yekushandisa masimba ekutonga munzvimbo iyi.Kuburikidza nemasimba ekushandisa kodzero dzekutonga, chibvumirano chakapa kambani masimba ekoloni akananga mudunhu, kusiyana nekare. Chaive chiratidzo chekudzikisira kuzvitonga kwaLozi uye nyaya yekuti diplomacy yakundikana.
Uye October 1900, Levanikaakasaina kondirakiti yekupedzisira nekambani iri pedyo
Asi ichokwadi, LevanikaAkakwanisa kuwana mamwe mabhenefiti madiki, semuenzaniso kuburikidza nekuita uku akakwanisa kuchengetedza imwe nhanho yesimba uye pesvedzero muumambo hwake. Kusiyana nevamwe vaverengi vakaramba, vakakundwa uye zvinonyadzisa vakadzingwa. Chechipiri, mhinduro iyi yakabvumira vanhu vake kupinda munguva yekoloni murunyararo. Havana kuona njodzi yekupikisa, iyo yairatidzwa nekuparadzwa, kunyimwa uye kudzingwa, uye chechitatu, kuita uku kwakamupa mukurumbira uye kumira pamusoro pevakwikwidzi vake vemukati.
Kunze kwezvakanakira zviri pamusoro, zvichiri pachena sezvakaitika kuna Lewanikakuti diplomacy yakanga isiri vimbiso kune veEurope munguva ino.
Kubvunza Ongororo iyi ine mhinduro kubva kuna VaLewanikakuBritish colonialism muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi 19 Century.
FAQs
What were the results of the Ndebele Shona rebellion of 1896? ›
Legacy. The rebellion failed completely and did not result in any major changes in BSAC policy. For example, the hut tax which remained in place. The territories of Matabeleland and Mashonaland had become known as South Zambesia, and both the Matabele and Shona became subjects of the Rhodes administration.
Why was the Chimurenga war fought? ›This conflict refers to the 1896–1897 Ndebele-Shona revolt against the British South Africa Company's administration of the territory. Mlimo, the Matabele spiritual/religious leader, is credited with fomenting much of the anger that led to this confrontation.
What happened during the Ndebele revolution? ›In 1893 Mashona cattle thieves rustled a herd of Ndebele cattle, and then sought refuge within the walls of the British Fort Victoria. Reacting, a large Ndebele raiding party attacked the Mashonas, massacring as many as 400 before the eyes of horrified White residents.
What happened during the Chimurenga resistance? ›The Company used a combination of deceit and violence to gain control of Zimbabwe and to take away the best land from the Shona and Ndebele peoples. In 1896/1897 in separate acts, both of these groups staged armed uprising against the European colonialists.